Reframing Human Resource Management in the Digital and AI Era: Evidence from Organizational Practice
Keywords:
Upskilling, Reskilling, Digital HR Management, AI EthicsAbstract
This study aims to deeply understand how organizations manage human resources in the digital and artificial intelligence era, focusing on four main aspects: upskilling, reskilling, digital-based performance management, and the ethical use of AI. The study uses a qualitative approach with a case study design to explore actual organizational practices in the context of digital transformation. Data are collected through in-depth interviews with managers and employees, participant observation of training activities and digital performance systems, and relevant documentation supporting the analysis. The results show that upskilling and reskilling are key strategies to ensure employees remain competent in facing changing roles and technological demands. Digital performance management improves transparency, efficiency, and evaluation accuracy. While the use of AI in HR management requires clear ethical guidelines to maintain fairness, accountability, and employee trust. This study provides theoretical implications by expanding the literature on HR management in the digital and AI era, as well as practical implications for organizations in designing adaptive, holistic, and human-oriented HR strategies, so that digital transformation can improve employee performance, productivity, and well-being.
References
Aisyah, N., & Trianingsih, A. S. (2023). Utilization of kitchen waste as a learning media in increasing children's creativity. Jurnal Obsesi: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 7(4), 5084-5092. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v7i4.4236
Akinrinola, O., Okoye, C. C., Ofodile, O. C., & Ugochukwu, C. E. (2024). Navigating and reviewing ethical dilemmas in AI development: Strategies for transparency, fairness, and accountability. GSC Advanced Research and Reviews, 18(3), 50-58. https://doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2024.18.3.0088
Amrahi Tabieh, A., Pashazadeh, F., Safaiyan, A., & Matlabi, H. (2025). Job skill training for re-employment of the older workers: A scoping review. Educational Gerontology, 51(3), 227-245. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601277.2024.2392921
Ataman, A. (2024). Exploring complementary leadership styles in madrasahs by aiming at their impact on integrity and character development. Business and Applied Management Journal, 1(2), 118-133. https://doi.org/10.61987/bamj.v1i2.487
Basri, H., Zaini, A. W., & Suhermanto, S. (2024). Exploring charismatic leadership and personality competence: Keys to fostering teacher motivation. Bidayatuna Jurnal Pendidikan Guru Mandrasah Ibtidaiyah, 7(2), 109-120. https://doi.org/10.54471/bidayatuna.v7i2.2983
Beier, M. E., Saxena, M., Kraiger, K., Costanza, D. P., Rudolph, C. W., Cadiz, D. M., Petery, G. A., & Fisher, G. G. (2025). Workplace learning and the future of work. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 18(1), 84-109. https://doi.org/10.1017/iop.2024.57
Bibi, P. (2024). Establishing transparency and accountability in AI: Ethical standards for data governance and automated systems. Birkstedt, T., Minkkinen, M., Tandon, A., & Mäntymäki, M. (2023). AI Governance: Themes, Knowledge Gaps and Future Agendas. Internet Research, 33(7), 133-167. https://doi.org/10.1108/INTR-01-2022-0042
Cosa, M., & Torelli, R. (2024). Digital transformation and flexible performance management: A systematic literature review of the evolution of performance measurement systems. Global Journal of Flexible Systems Management, 25(3), 445-466. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40171-024-00409-9
Farawowan, F. F. (2025). Upskilling and reskilling: Adaptive strategies for HR management in facing the industrial revolution 5.0. Oikonomia: Journal of Management Economics and Accounting, 2(4), 49-57. https://doi.org/10.61942/oikonomia.v2i4.406
Fawaid, A. (2025). AI-based career management to improve the quality of decision making in higher education. 2025 IEEE Integrated STEM Education Conference (ISEC), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEC64801.2025.11147274
Hefniy, H., & Alwahedi, M. A. A. (2025). Virtual school tours: Boosting community interest and attracting prospective students. EVALUASI: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, 9(2), 340-353. https://doi.org/10.32478/3gtzvf72
Hikmah, U., & Mudarris, B. (2026). A strategic plan for high quality and effective madrasah management in realized quality superior education. Journal of Education Management and Policy, 2(1), 39-49.
Holidi, M. (2025). CBT exam implementation guidance for students in facing digital-based assessments. Communautaire: Journal of Community Service, 4(3), 297-312. https://doi.org/10.61987/communautaire.v4i3.820
Khofsah, S. (2025). Management of the habit of reading the Qur'an as an effective memorization strategy for tahfidz class students at madrasahs. Journal of Education Management and Policy, 1(3), 198-207.
Khotimah, H., & Suhermanto, S. (2024). Increasing the competence of Islamic religious education teachers from a madrasah-based management perspective. Managere: Indonesian Journal of Educational Management, 6(1), 13-26. https://doi.org/10.52627/managere.v6i1.388
Kusumawati, I. (2025). AI-based human capital as a catalyst for increasing the strategic agility of educational organizations. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Reseach, 1(5), 239-245.
Kutscher, E., & Parey, B. (2024). A scoping review of mixed methods rigour in inclusive education: Application of the rigorous mixed methods framework. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 28(11), 2356-2371. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2022.2100491
Manshur, U. (2026). Madrasah vision management strategy in realizing superior educational quality. EDUCARE: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 5(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.71392/ejip.v5i1.122
Okoko, J. M., Tunison, S., & Walker, K. D. (2023). Varieties of qualitative research methods. Saskatoon, Saskatoon: Springer Texts in Education. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04394-9
Rahman, M. (2026). Improving the quality of education in madrasah tsanawiyah through digital technology-based strategic management. JETech: Journal of Education and Technology, 2(1), 11-19.
Sain, Z. H., & Abdullah, N. B. (2024). Enhancing higher education pedagogy with ChatGPT: Leveraging the power of generative AI. Journal Emerging Technologies in Education, 2(3), 267-281. https://doi.org/10.70177/jete.v2i3.1189
Salmona, M., & Kaczynski, D. (2024). Qualitative data analysis strategies. In How to conduct qualitative research in finance (pp. 80-96). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781803927008.00012
Shoha, S. I. (2026). Curriculum renewal management in elementary schools: A case study of the implementation of the independent curriculum in schools. Journal of Education Management and Policy, 2(1), 6171.
Sundaram, S. (2025). Innovating for the future: Sustainable corporate strategies for workforce upskilling and reskilling. International Journal of Research in Entrepreneurship & Business Studies, 6(3), 33-46. https://doi.org/10.47259/ijrebs.2025.633
Susanti, N., Nofiyah, W., & Ainy, E. N. (2023). The rotating roles method as a determinant of the social development of early age students. Jurnal Obsesi: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 7(3), 3809-3818. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v7i3.4090
Syafiih, M. (2025). The future of education in the digital era: Between technological innovation and equitable access. Proceeding of International Conference on Education, Society and Humanity, 3(1), 737-741.
Wirapraja, A., Basatha, R., & Manggaetan, F. M. (2025). Digitalization of employee performance appraisal system: Ensuring fairness and transparency in human resource (HR) practices in steel construction company. Journal The Winners, 26(2), 161-171. https://doi.org/10.21512/tw.v26i2.13931
